Population - 890,000 inhabitants (2015)

Density - 469 inhab./km²

Major Cities - Irnik, 402,000; Palimaata, 140,000; Kumferu, 82,000; Umala, 66,000; Kolo, 60,000.

Dialects - Kauta Nilau (Irnik and north coast), 647,000; Palayanga (east and southeast coast), 217,000; Moinate (west inland), 15,000; Suduk (Kelo and Paro) (east inland), 11,000.

Religions - Christians (Kauta), Animists (aborigines).

GDP per Capita - KAH 34,921.00 yearly (2015)

Participation in the GDP - 19%

Mining - oil (offshore) in the east.

Industry - refinery, manufactured and electronic products, auto equipments, naval and food.

Agriculture - rice, fruits, tea and cocoa; fowl, goat and pork.

Climate - Equatorial (monsoon); average temperature in the rainy season, 27ºC in the north, 23ºC, in the mountains and 25ºC in the south. In the dry season, 25ºC, in the north, 17ºC, in the mountains, and 21ºC, in the south. Rain: 2,000 mm yearly.

Waters - rivers: Beleya, Ohumak, Odimane, Hafamat and Felnut. Lake: Suduk.

Major Peak - volcano Gipahu, 2,587 m.

Name Origin - Nilau comes from "nilao", that means "underwood" in Old Kaupelanese.